The prolog header is the following piece of code starting some XML documents:
<?xml version="y.x" encoding="zzzzz"?>
This requirement is explicitly defined in the XML specification:
Because each XML entity not accompanied by external encoding information and not in UTF-8 or UTF-16 encoding must begin with an XML encoding declaration, in which the first characters must be '<?xml', any conforming processor can detect, after two to four octets of input, which of the following cases apply.
<!-- Generated file --> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <firstNode> content </firstNode>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!-- Generated file --> <firstNode> content </firstNode>