Zoot|NNP Suit|NNP 

A|DT style|NN of|IN suit|NN worn|VBN by|IN African|NNP Americans|NNPS ,|, Filipino|NNP Americans|NNPS ,|, and|CC Mexican|NNP Americans|NNPS during|IN the|DT 1930s|NN and|CC 1940s|NN .|. 
In|IN Chicano|NNP culture|NN this|DT style|NN of|IN dress|NN is|VBZ primarily|RB associated|VBN with|IN the|DT pachucos|NNS of|IN the|DT 1940s|NN .|. 
The|DT fashion|NN at|IN that|DT time|NN was|VBD to|TO wear|VB very|RB baggy|NN pants|NNS with|IN pegged|VBN legs|NNS ,|, long|JJ jackets|NNS with|IN high|JJ and|CC sharp|JJ shoulder|NN pads|NNS ,|, thick-soled|JJ shoes|NNS ,|, and|CC long|JJ watch|NN chains|NNS dangling|VBG from|IN the|DT belt|NN .|. 
An|DT addition|NN to|TO the|DT whole|JJ style|NN common|JJ to|TO Chicanos|NNP was|VBD a|DT particular|JJ haircut|NN ,|, long|RB with|IN a|DT ducktail|NN and|CC a|DT wide-brimmed|JJ hat|NN .|. 

The|DT word|NN zoot|NN was|VBD known|VBN within|IN the|DT urban|JJ jazz|NN culture|NN of|IN Harlem|NNP ,|, and|CC it|PRP meant|VBD something|NN either|CC exaggerated|JJ in|IN performance|NN or|CC in|IN style|NN .|. 
Many|JJ African|NNP Americans|NNPS wore|VBD an|DT extravagant|JJ style|NN of|IN clothing|NN ,|, the|DT baggy|NN pegged|VBD pants|NNS and|CC jackets|NNS with|IN padded|JJ shoulders|NNS ,|, that|IN later|RB became|VBD known|VBN as|IN the|DT zoot|NN suit|NN .|. 
In|IN the|DT novel|JJ Invisible|NNP Man|NNP by|IN Ralph|NNP Ellison|NNP ,|, he|PRP describes|VBZ the|DT zoot--suiters|JJ style|NN ,|, “|" walking|VBG slowly|RB ,|, their|PRP$ shoulders|NNS swaying|VBG ,|, their|PRP$ legs|NNS swinging|VBG from|IN their|PRP$ hips|NNS in|IN trousers|NNS that|WDT ballooned|VBD upward|RB from|IN cuffs|NNS fitting|JJ snug|NN about|IN their|PRP$ ankles|NNS ;|: their|PRP$ coats|NNS long|JJ and|CC hip-tight|JJ with|IN shoulders|NNS far|RB too|RB broad|JJ to|TO be|VB those|DT of|IN natural|JJ western|JJ men|NNS ”|" (|( 1947|CD ,|, 380|CD )|) .|. 
In|IN the|DT late-night|JJ jazz|NN scenes|NNS of|IN Harlem|NNP this|DT style|NN was|VBD “|" a|DT killer-diller|JJ coat|NN with|IN a|DT drape-shape|JJ ,|, reat-pleats|JJ and|CC shoulders|NNS padded|JJ like|IN a|DT lunatic|JJ s|VBZ cell|NN ”|" (|( 380|CD )|) .|. 
Tyler|NNP makes|VBZ the|DT point|NN that|IN the|DT zoot|NN suit|NN was|VBD an|DT extremely|RB symbolic|JJ costume|NN ,|, which|WDT gave|VBD the|DT wearer|NN the|DT look|NN of|IN a|DT child|NN in|IN adult|NN clothing|NN .|. 
The|DT broad|JJ square|JJ shoulders|NNS gave|VBD a|DT macho|JJ look|NN to|TO the|DT youth|NN ,|, and|CC the|DT finger-tipped|JJ coat|NN was|VBD made|VBN for|IN fun|NN and|CC leisure|NN .|. 
The|DT long|JJ baggy|NN pants|NNS were|VBD made|VBN for|IN dancing|NN ,|, especially|RB the|DT jitterbug|NN ,|, and|CC the|DT wide|JJ Panama|NNP hats|NNS were|VBD another|DT sign|NN of|IN adulthood|NN .|. 
“|" The|DT business|NN of|IN fun|NN ,|, dancing|NN and|CC dating|VBG were|VBD the|DT key|JJ characteristics|NNS displayed|VBN by|IN Zoot-|NNP Suiters|NNP .|. 
It|PRP was|VBD an|DT escape|NN from|IN drudgery|NN and|CC futile|JJ labor|NN to|TO the|DT bliss|NNS of|IN free-wheeling|JJ movement|NN in|IN the|DT city|NN among|IN youths|NNS in|IN the|DT new|JJ youth|NN culture|NN ”|" (|( Tyler|NNP ,|, 23|CD )|) .|. 
Prominent|NNP black|JJ entertainers|NNS wore|VBD the|DT zoot|NN suit|NN ,|, such|JJ as|IN Cab|NNP Calloway|NNP ,|, Sammy|NNP Davis|NNP Jr|NNP .|. ,|, and|CC Duke|NNP Ellington|NNP .|. 
Ellington|NNP performed|VBD at|IN the|DT Orpheum|NNP in|IN Los|NNP Angeles|NNP in|IN 1941|CD and|CC 1942|CD with|IN a|DT musical|JJ called|VBN Jump|NN for|IN Joy|NNP in|IN which|WDT the|DT performers|NNS wore|VBD zoot|NN suits|NNS ,|, also|RB known|VBN as|IN Gone|VBN with|IN the|DT Wind|NNP suits|NNS ,|, after|IN the|DT style|NN worn|VBN by|IN Clark|NNP Gable|NNP in|IN the|DT movie|NN by|IN the|DT same|JJ name|NN .|. 

Even|RB though|IN the|DT zoot|NN suit|NN was|VBD worn|VBN by|IN the|DT young|JJ men|NNS of|IN several|JJ different|JJ races|NNS and|CC ethnicities|NNS ,|, it|PRP is|VBZ primarily|RB identified|VBN with|IN the|DT pachucos|NNS of|IN Los|NNP Angeles|NNP .|. 
Pachucos|NNP were|VBD mostly|RB second-generation|JJ Mexicans|NNPS ,|, the|DT sons|NNS of|IN migrant|NN laborers|NNS and|CC working-class|JJ immigrants|NNS .|. 
Pachucos|NNP created|VBD their|PRP$ own|JJ subculture|NN ,|, an|DT arrogant|JJ style|NN of|IN dressing|VBG ,|, a|DT bilingual|JJ secret|JJ argot|NN ,|, and|CC for|IN some|DT individuals|NNS membership|NN in|IN petty|JJ criminal|JJ gangs|NNS .|. 
The|DT zoot|NN suit|NN became|VBD a|DT symbolic|JJ disguise|VB that|WDT identified|VBD the|DT zoot-suiter|JJ as|IN neither|DT a|DT Mexican|JJ nor|CC an|DT American|NNP .|. 
It|PRP was|VBD not|RB a|DT bicultural|NN or|CC binational|NN position|NN ,|, but|CC rather|RB a|DT position|NN between|IN cultures|NNS ,|, a|DT “|" hanging|VBG in|IN space|NN ”|" position|NN .|. 
The|DT overly|RB confident|JJ ,|, slow|JJ swagger|NN of|IN the|DT pachuco|NN ,|, today|NN exemplified|VBN by|IN the|DT cholo|NN ,|, made|VBN it|PRP appear|VBP in|IN fact|NN as|IN if|IN the|DT zoot-suiter|JJ were|VBD walking|VBG on|IN air|NN .|. 

During|IN the|DT summer|NN of|IN 1943|CD the|DT attention|NN of|IN the|DT whole|JJ country|NN was|VBD on|IN Los|NNP Angeles|NNP when|WRB gangs|NNS of|IN sailors|NNS and|CC zoot-suiters|JJ battled|VBD with|IN each|DT other|JJ in|IN the|DT streets|NNS of|IN the|DT city|NN .|. 
It|PRP is|VBZ unclear|JJ if|IN this|DT was|VBD a|DT race|NN riot|NN or|CC a|DT riot|NN of|IN patriotic|JJ sailors|NNS who|WP attacked|VBD ,|, beat|VB ,|, and|CC stripped|VBD young|JJ Mexican|NNP Americans|NNPS whom|WP they|PRP perceived|VBD to|TO be|VB unpatriotic|JJ zoot-suiters|JJ .|. 
Between|IN the|DT third|NN and|CC thirteenth|NN of|IN June|NNP zoot-suiters|JJ were|VBD open|JJ targets|NNS .|. 
Much|JJ has|VBZ been|VBN written|VBN about|IN these|DT riots|NNS from|IN both|DT literary|JJ and|CC historical|JJ perspectives|NNS .|. 

During|IN the|DT late|JJ 1970s|NN the|DT zoot|NN suit|NN received|VBD wide|JJ recognition|NN and|CC popularity|NN with|IN the|DT production|NN of|IN a|DT successful|JJ play|NN by|IN Luis|NNP Valdez|NNP .|. 
In|IN 1981|CD a|DT film|NN by|IN the|DT same|JJ name|NN ,|, Zoot|NNP Suit|NNP ,|, was|VBD produced|VBN and|CC directed|VBN by|IN Luis|NNP Valdez|NNP ,|, with|IN performances|NNS by|IN actors|NNS Daniel|NNP Valdez|NNP and|CC Edward|NNP James|NNP Olmos|NNP .|. 

See|VB also|RB Cholos|NNP ;|: Pachucos|NNP 

References|NNP Barker|NNP 1950|CD ;|: Cosgrove|NNP 1989|CD ;|: Ellison|NNP ,|, 1947|CD ;|: Mazon|NNP 1984|CD ;|: Orona-|NNP Cordova|NNP 1992|CD ;|: Sanchez|NNP 1978|CD ;|: Stone|NNP 1990|CD ;|: Tyler|NNP 1994|CD ;|: Valdez|NNP 1992|CD ;|: Zoot|NNP Suit|NNP 1981|CD 

Zozobra|NNP 

A|DT giant|NN ,|, forty-foot|JJ effigy|NN in|IN the|DT form|NN of|IN a|DT puppet|NN ,|, which|WDT is|VBZ burned|VBN during|IN the|DT annual|JJ Santa|NNP Fe|NNP Fiesta|NNP held|VBD in|IN Santa|NNP Fe|NNP ,|, New|NNP Mexico|NNP .|. 
The|DT word|NN Zozobra|NNP translates|NNS to|TO “|" gloom|NN or|CC “|" worry|VBP ”|" or|CC “|" anguished|JJ .|. ”|" 
The|DT Zozobra|NNP is|VBZ ritualistically|RB burned|VBN at|IN the|DT beginning|NN of|IN the|DT fiesta|NN ,|, which|WDT symbolizes|VBZ the|DT end|NN of|IN destructiveness|NNS ,|, gloom|NN ,|, and|CC worry|VBP ,|, setting|VBG the|DT tone|NN for|IN a|DT successful|JJ fiesta|NN .|. 
The|DT creation|NN of|IN Zozobra|NNP was|VBD introduced|VBN into|IN the|DT fiesta|NN in|IN 1926|CD by|IN Will|NNP Shuster|NNP ,|, who|WP felt|VBD that|IN the|DT fiesta|NN had|VBD become|VBN dull|JJ and|CC commercialized|JJ .|. 
Throughout|IN the|DT years|NNS the|DT image|NN of|IN Zozobra|NNP changed|VBD from|IN a|DT simple|JJ twenty-foot|JJ puppet|NN to|TO the|DT elaborate|JJ forty-foot|JJ figure|NN with|IN animated|VBN eyes|NNS ,|, arms|NNS ,|, and|CC mouth|NN that|IN he|PRP is|VBZ today|NN .|. 
In|IN 1969|CD Shuster|NNP turned|VBD over|IN the|DT responsibility|NN and|CC copyright|NN of|IN Zozobra|NNP to|TO the|DT Kiwanis|NNP Club|NNP of|IN Santa|NNP Fe|NNP .|. 
He|PRP is|VBZ hung|VBN on|IN a|DT tall|JJ pole|NN on|IN a|DT hill|NN ,|, outside|IN the|DT city|NN ,|, where|WRB the|DT burning|NN can|MD be|VB seen|VBN by|IN the|DT thousands|NNS of|IN people|NNS who|WP come|VBP to|TO watch|VB .|. 
The|DT death|NN of|IN gloom|NN is|VBZ supposed|VBN to|TO resurrect|VB happiness|NN .|. 

In|IN response|NN to|TO the|DT tradition|NN of|IN the|DT burning|NN of|IN Zozobra|NNP ,|, a|DT group|NN of|IN New|NNP Mexico|NNP Chicanos|NNP started|VBD a|DT tradition|NN of|IN burning|NN El|NNP Kookoóee|NNP ,|, a|DT figure|NN known|VBN by|IN many|JJ Chicanos|NNP as|IN the|DT bogeyman|NN ,|, during|IN the|DT Festival|NNP de|IN Otoño|NNP .|. 

See|VB also|RB El|NNP Kookoóee|NNP ;|: Santa|NNP Fe|NNP Fiesta|NNP 

References|NNP Cohen|NNP 1985|CD ;|: Grimes|NNP 1976|CD ;|: Weigle|NNP and|CC White|NNP 1988|CD 

